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Cleaning a headstone is an important task that helps preserve the memory of loved ones and maintain the appearance of a cemetery. Over time, headstones can accumulate dirt, moss, lichens, and other grime that can obscure inscriptions and damage the stone.

Using the right cleaning methods and products ensures that the headstone is cleaned effectively without causing damage.

Materials Needed for Cleaning a Headstone

• Soft Bristle Brushes
• Buckets
• Spray Bottles
• Distilled Water
• Non-Ionic Detergent
• Biodegradable Cleaning Solutions
• Soft Cloths and Towels
• Wooden or Plastic Scrapers
• Personal Protective Equipment (Gloves, Safety Glasses)

Assessing the Headstone Condition

Before beginning any cleaning or restoration work on a headstone, it is crucial to evaluate the surface for stability. This step ensures that the headstone is safe to work on and that no further damage will be caused during the cleaning process.

Start by examining the headstone for any signs of physical instability. Check for any movement or wobbling by gently pushing on the stone. A stable headstone should remain firmly in place. If the headstone moves, it may require professional resetting to secure it properly.

How to Clean a Headstone

Start by removing any loose debris such as leaves, dirt, and twigs from the headstone's surface. Use a soft brush or your hands to gently sweep away these materials, being careful not to scratch the stone.

Using distilled water, gently rinse the headstone to remove surface dust and dirt. Distilled water is preferred as it does not contain minerals that could stain or damage the stone. Spray the water evenly over the entire surface of the headstone.

Applying Cleaning Solution for Mild Stains

Mix a non-ionic detergent with water according to the manufacturer's instructions. Non-ionic detergents are mild and effective, making them suitable for cleaning delicate headstones without causing damage.

Applying Cleaning Solution for Hard Stains

For more stubborn stains and biological growths like moss or lichen, use a biodegradable cleaning solution like Hardscape BSC.

Apply the solution to the headstone using a spray bottle or bucket, ensuring even coverage. Allow the solution to sit for a few minutes to penetrate and loosen the grime.

When using a spray bottle, apply the cleaning solution in a mist to avoid saturating the stone. For larger areas, a bucket and sponge may be more efficient. Always apply the solution gently to avoid causing any damage.

Brushing and Scrubbing

Select soft bristle brushes of various sizes to scrub the headstone. Start with larger brushes for broader surfaces and use smaller brushes for intricate details and inscriptions. Soft bristles are crucial to prevent scratching the stone.

Scrub the headstone in a gentle, circular motion to lift dirt and stains. Avoid using back-and-forth or up-and-down motions, as these can cause streaks and potentially damage the stone. Be thorough but gentle to preserve the stone's integrity.

Final Rinsing and Drying

After scrubbing, rinse the headstone thoroughly with distilled water to remove any remaining cleaning solution and loosened dirt. Ensure all residues are washed away to prevent any potential staining or damage.

Use soft, absorbent cloths to pat the headstone dry. Avoid rubbing, as this can cause scratches. Patting the surface dry helps to prevent water spots and further dirt accumulation.

Identifying Soiling Agents or Accumulations

Identifying the types of soiling agents or accumulations on the headstone is essential for determining the appropriate cleaning methods and products to use.

Moss and Lichen

Moss and lichen are common biological growths found on headstones, especially in damp or shaded areas.

Dirt and Grime

Dirt and grime accumulate on headstones over time due to exposure to the elements. This soiling often appears as a general layer of dust or dark streaks on the surface. 

Other Organic Stains

Headstones can also be stained by bird droppings, leaves, and other organic materials. These stains can be particularly difficult to remove if left unattended for long periods.

Do’s of Cleaning Headstones

Use Gentle, Non-Ionic Detergents

When cleaning headstones, always opt for gentle, non-ionic detergents. These cleaners are effective at removing dirt and grime without damaging the stone.

For example, Hardscape BSC is a suitable choice as it is designed to be gentle yet effective on various surfaces, including natural stone and painted surfaces.

Always Test Cleaners on a Small Area First

Before applying any cleaning solution to the entire headstone, test it on a small, inconspicuous area. This helps ensure that the cleaner does not cause any adverse reactions or damage to the stone.

Observing the test area for any changes in color or texture can prevent potential harm to the headstone.

Clean During Mild Weather Conditions

Choose mild weather conditions for cleaning headstones. Extreme temperatures, whether hot or cold, can affect the cleaning process and the stone itself.

Mild, dry weather is ideal as it allows the cleaning solution to work effectively without the risk of freezing or evaporating too quickly.

Don’ts of Cleaning Headstones

Avoid Using Harsh Chemicals or Bleach

Harsh chemicals and bleach can cause significant damage to headstones. These substances can erode the stone, leading to discoloration and structural weakening.

Instead, use biodegradable and non-toxic cleaning solutions which are safe for both the stone and the environment.

Do Not Use Metal Brushes or Scrapers

Metal brushes and scrapers can scratch and damage the surface of the headstone. These tools can leave permanent marks and worsen any existing cracks or chips.

Use soft-bristle brushes or plastic scrapers to gently remove dirt and biological growth without causing harm.

Avoid High-Pressure Washers

High-pressure washers can be too forceful for headstones, potentially causing pieces of stone to break off or surface inscriptions to erode.

Stick to gentle rinsing with distilled water and manual scrubbing to clean the headstone effectively without the risk of high-pressure damage.