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Jul 15, 2024/Guides

How to Clean a Headstone Without Damaging It

Cleaning a headstone involves more than simply scrubbing away dirt and debris. It's about using the right techniques and products to protect and preserve the stone. Whether you're maintaining a granite, marble, or another type of headstone, understanding the proper methods is key to preventing damage.

Materials Needed for Cleaning a Headstone

Properly cleaning a headstone requires the right materials to ensure the stone is preserved and not damaged during the process. Here is a detailed guide on the essential supplies you'll need.

Soft Brushes

Soft-bristle brushes are ideal for cleaning headstones. They are gentle on the stone surface, preventing scratches and damage.

Clean Water (Distilled Recommended)

Using clean water is essential for rinsing the headstone. Distilled water is recommended because it does not contain minerals that can leave residues or cause staining. 

Suitable Cleaner

Choosing the right cleaner is critical. Avoid harsh chemicals and opt for natural stone-safe cleaners like Hardscape BSC.

Buckets and Spray Bottles

Buckets and spray bottles are necessary for applying water and cleaning solutions. A bucket allows you to mix and carry clean water, while a spray bottle helps you apply the cleaner evenly across the headstone. 

Soft Cloths or Towels

Microfiber cloths are ideal as they are gentle on the stone and highly absorbent. They help remove excess water and prevent water spots, leaving the headstone clean and streak-free.

Identifying the Material of a Headstone

Different materials require different care techniques. Here is an overview of common headstone materials and their characteristics.

Marble

Marble headstones have a smooth, polished surface with fine veining patterns. Marble is a softer stone, making it susceptible to weathering and erosion over time.

Due to its softness, marble requires gentle cleaning methods. Avoid using acidic cleaners, which can cause etching. Go for gentle cleaners and soft brushes to preserve its delicate surface.

Granite

Granite is a popular choice for headstones due to its durability and wide range of colors. It has a coarse-grained texture and is much harder than marble. Granite is highly resistant to weathering and can maintain its appearance for many years.

Granite can withstand more rigorous cleaning methods compared to softer stones. However, it's still important to use non-abrasive tools and avoid harsh chemicals. A suitable cleaner like Hardscape BSC is ideal for granite headstones.

Limestone

Limestone headstones have a smooth, matte finish and are typically light in color, ranging from white to buff. This stone is relatively soft and porous, making it vulnerable to staining and weathering.

Limestone should be cleaned with the utmost care. Use pH-neutral cleaners and soft brushes to avoid scratching or dissolving the surface. Rinse thoroughly with distilled water to prevent mineral deposits.

General Cleaning Tips

Less is More

When cleaning headstones, adopting a "less is more" approach is best. Start with the gentlest methods and escalate only if necessary. This helps prevent unnecessary damage to the stone.

Test Cleaners on a Small, Hidden Area

Before applying any cleaner to the entire headstone, test it on a small, inconspicuous area. This ensures the cleaner will not damage or discolor the stone.

Cleaning Marble Headstones

Gentle Cleaning Process

Marble is a delicate stone that requires a gentle touch. Use a soft-bristle brush and a stone-safe cleaner like Hardscape BSC.

  1. Wet the marble surface with clean water.
  2. Apply the cleaner and gently scrub with a soft-bristle brush.
  3. Rinse thoroughly with clean water to remove all residues.
  4. Dry the headstone with a soft cloth to prevent water spots.

Never use abrasive tools or harsh chemicals on marble headstones. These can cause scratches and etching, permanently damaging the stone.

Cleaning Granite Headstones

Using Non-Ionic Detergent

Granite is a hard, durable stone that can handle more rigorous cleaning methods. Use a non-ionic detergent for the best results.

  1. Mix the non-ionic detergent with water according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
  2. Apply the solution to the granite surface with a soft brush.
  3. Scrub gently in circular motions to lift dirt and stains.
  4. Rinse thoroughly with clean water.
  5. Dry with a microfiber cloth to prevent streaking.

For deeper cleaning, use a product like Hardscape BSC. Spray it evenly, scrub gently, and rinse thoroughly to ensure no residue is left behind.

Cleaning Headstones Made from Porous Materials

Slate, limestone, and sandstone are porous materials that require careful cleaning to avoid damage. These stones can easily absorb moisture and cleaners, so it's essential to use the gentlest methods possible.

Safe Cleaning Solutions and Techniques

  1. Wet the Surface: Begin by wetting the surface with clean water to prevent the stone from absorbing too much cleaner.
  2. Apply Mild Cleaner: Use a mild, pH-neutral cleaner. Avoid acidic or alkaline cleaners that can damage the stone.
  3. Gentle Scrubbing: Use a soft-bristle brush to gently scrub the surface. Be especially gentle with limestone and sandstone to prevent flaking and erosion.
  4. Thorough Rinsing: Rinse the headstone thoroughly with clean water to remove all traces of the cleaner.
  5. Dry Completely: Use a soft cloth to dry the stone and prevent water spots. Allow the stone to air dry completely before applying any sealant, if desired.

Cleaning Biological Growth from Headstones

Biological growths such as moss, lichen, algae, and mildew can accumulate on headstones over time, especially in damp and shaded areas. These growths not only detract from the appearance of the headstone but can also contribute to its deterioration. 

The most common types of biological growths found on headstones include:

  • Moss: Green or brown in color, often found in damp, shaded areas.
  • Lichen: A combination of algae and fungi, appearing as crusty patches in various colors.
  • Algae: Green or black slimy growths that thrive in moist environments.
  • Mildew: White or black powdery growth, often found in humid conditions.

Tools and Materials Needed to Remove Biological Growth

To effectively remove biological growths from headstones, gather the following supplies:

  • Soft-bristle brush
  • Clean water (distilled recommended)
  • Biological stain cleaner like Hardscape BSC

Removing Biological Growths

  • Begin by thoroughly wetting the headstone with clean water. This helps to loosen the growths and prevents the stone from absorbing too much of the cleaning solution.
  • Spray a biological growth remover / cleaner onto the affected area. These cleaners are effective at removing biological growths without damaging the stone.
  • Using a soft-bristle brush, gently scrub the surface of the headstone in circular motions. Focus on the areas with the most growth.
  • Rinse the headstone thoroughly with clean water to remove all traces of the cleaner and loosened growth. Distilled water is recommended to prevent mineral deposits from forming on the stone.
  • After rinsing, dry the headstone with a soft cloth or towel. This helps prevent water spots and further growth of biological materials.

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